Athletes lose extra salt because they sweat profusely, more than a normal citizen. In such cases, they need a higher sodium intake than the usual recommendations.
Sometimes salt can be serviceable, not just delicious!
Sports is a unique field. It consists of grown adults or small children tossing equipment around according to made-up rules – and somehow having quite a lot of fun doing so.
That’s why sports medicine is a unique specialty. It deals with the afflictions of active people, often involving acute treatment at the moment of injury, not just chronic overuse.
In this episode, Dr Bob talks about sports medicine, his impactful work and the value of exercise.
Podcast
About the guest speaker
Dr Bob Sallis, M.D., FACSM, serves as the chairman for the Exercise is Medicine initiative and previously served as president (2007-08) of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Dr Bob received his Bachelor of Science degree from the U.S. Air Force Academy and his medical degree from Texas A&M University. He completed his residency in family medicine at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center in Fontana, Calif., where he served as chief resident. He has served as the head team physician at Pomona College since 1988, and holds a Certificate of Added Qualifications in sports medicine.
Dr Bob lectures and publishes extensively in the area of sports medicine and serves as chairman of the Science Advisory Committee to Governor Schwarzenegger’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. He received the 2008 Community Leadership Award from the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, and the 2009 Leonardo da Vinci award for international leadership in sports medicine from the Italian Federation of Sports Medicine. Dr Bob currently serves as editor-in-chief of ACSM’s clinical journal, Current Sports Medicine Reports.
Music credits
Opening and closing themes by Jim Cook’s computer, an Artificial Intelligence project by the Techlab.
The Schober test checks the lumbar flexion range of motion.
Suppose the spine is straight. If it bends forward, like in lumbar flexion, the posterior surface of the back should stretch out to accommodate the movement.
For example, if you have a circle drawn with a thick line, the circumference of the outer side of the line is greater than the circumference of the inner side of the line.
If the posterior back doesn’t stretch out all that much, it means the range of lumbar flexion is limited.
The Thomas test looks for hip pathology, namely of issues with hip flexor tightness. This is called a fixed flexion deformity.
For example, there could be a problem with the iliopsoas muscle.
Muscles are a grand amalgamation of thin actin, thick myosin, calcium ions binding to troponin, tropomyosin and Z-lines. They require ATP to be relaxed and use ATP when they undergo contraction.
Stretching helps realign and lengthen muscles to prevent them from being tight and easily injured.
How are muscle contractions triggered in the first place?
Motor neurons use the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to send messages to muscles, prodding them into action. This causes the in-flow of sodium ions, propagating the action potential onward through the muscles. In turn, this invokes the release of calcium ions inside the cells.
The calcium binds to troponin and the obstructive bits move out of the way, allowing actin and myosin to meet for a sweet, brief moment. This is cross-bridge cycling
Colles and Smith fractures are both fractures of the distal radius.
And that’s how an American CD is made.
Scientific research doesn’t support the idea of losing fat from a particular place. This is also known as spot reduction. It is a lie.
Working out a particular muscle area doesn’t dissolve the fat from that region by priority. Rather, a person’s distribution of fat is determined by the mysterious workings of their body. To reduce fat in a specific spot, overall fat has to be reduced.
This doesn’t render targeted exercises useless; what you can do is build and tone a particular muscle group. It means the muscle grows in that place but the fat doesn’t necessarily disappear from it.
Muscle is an obedient dog. Muscles respond to directed exercise; bulk and tone happen in the places where you exert yourself.
Fat is a lawless cowboy. It cannot be tamed. In contrast to muscle, fat is wild and runs free; it has a secret agenda and reduces according to an overall body distribution plan.
Your problem then becomes that of losing fat overall.
The solution? It’s the usual: diet and exercise.
Eat less. Use portion control. Be less of a hog. Consume protein, fat and carbohydrates in a healthy ratio. Protein:fat:carbohydrates at 20:20:60 is a simple, approximate guide.
Exercise more. Make sweat. Jump around. Burn energy. Go to a gym.
Nobody cares about Marvel versus DC. It’s Marvel, by the way; superheroes who wear their underwear on the outside automatically can’t win.
No, what people care about are confusingly similar medical terms that mean almost the same thing.
Enter the arena: sprains and strains.
Both of the following conditions would have local epicondyle tenderness.
Lateral epicondyle: tennis elbow.
Pain is triggered by resisted wrist extension, because the forearm extensors are affected and this exertion induces tenderness.
Medial epicondyle: golfer’s elbow.
Conversely, pain is triggered by resisted wrist flexion.
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