Rhinophyma: big, red nose associated with rosacea.
Rosacea: skin condition involving facial erythema and telangiectasia.
In normal language, this means flushing of the face and enlarged blood vessels that become visible.
The urinary tract is divided into two parts:
Uncomplicated UTIs occur when there isn’t a functional or anatomical abnormality. Females are the main target.
Complicated UTIs occur when there’s a functional or anatomical abnormality, such as bladder issues, kidney stones or diabetes mellitus.
In both forms, the most common bacterial cause of UTIs is Pee coli. That is, E. coli. Multidrug-resistant strains are emerging.
Pyelonephritis means inflammation of the renal pelvis. Causes include:
Symptoms include:
Investigations can show leukocytes in the urine and blood, plus other generic markers of infection.
For treatment, collect urine samples before administering antibiotics. For mild cases, oral antibiotics are sufficient. For severe cases, IV antibiotics are warranted.
Cystitis means inflammation of the bladder.
Empirical treatment can be started in non-pregnant females with uncomplicated cystitis. In other cases, collect urine samples before administering antibiotics.
Nobody cares about Marvel versus DC. It’s Marvel, by the way; superheroes who wear their underwear on the outside automatically can’t win.
No, what people care about are confusingly similar medical terms that mean almost the same thing.
Enter the arena: sprains and strains.
No one like cuts unless they’re cold cuts of meat. Even then, it’s only if they’re free and accompanied by a cheese platter.
After all, cuts lead to scarring.
Scarring can lead to recovery; time heals some wounds, while medicine and surgery handle the rest. However, there are risks involved with that.
Just as there’s such a thing as too much scarring, it’s possible to have too much healing.
Medications don’t cure people. Acronyms do.
Well, maybe medications do a little bit.
Maybe.
Anyway, here’s how to remember how to treat acute heart failure in an examination setting.
Your greatest nightmare is here, except this time you’re wearing pants!
You’re a doctor whose patient has a rare case of Aafkhajsdklashkjdasodhsouheihterl Fever. Conventional medicines aren’t effective in treating it, so you’ll need something more powerful. Something not in commercial existence.
Who could possibly help you? A pharmacist!
That’s where hospital pharmacy comes in. It’s a safe haven that doctors and other health professionals can consult for advice on medications. Manufacturing pharmacy is a subspecialty of hospital pharmacy that deals with individualised medications for patients. That could be just the cure for Aafkhajsdklashkjdasodhsouheihterl Fever!
In this episode, Allan talks about hospital pharmacy, how he helps doctors by mixing up customised medications for sick patients and common mistakes doctors make in prescribing.
Podcast
About the guest speaker
Allan Fong is currently employed at Westmead Hospital as the Manufacturing Pharmacist. He graduated from The University of Sydney in pharmacy in 1986 and has since had 20 years’ experience working in various community pharmacies and 10 years’ experience working in hospital pharmacy.
Outside health care, Allan is an amateur musician, currently playing flute and tuba in two community concert bands. But wait, there’s more! He also plays piccolo, bass clarinet, oboe, euphonium and saxophone.
Allan loves gardening and owns two cats: Ava and Mia.
Music credits
Opening and closing themes by Lily Chen.
Let’s explore the inner workings of the heart in a highly summarised form!
Tricuspid: right, which is commonly the dominant hand.
Mitral: left. The only bicuspid valve, as the other three heart valves all have three cusps or leaflets. In normal situations, anyway!
Patients with mental health illnesses can be treated with medication, psychological therapy or a combination of both.
But what exactly do psychologists do? Which patients go to them? Which doctors interact with them?
In this episode, Juliette talks about what clinical psychology is, why she hasn’t locked her car lately and how examination stress can affect doctors and medical students.
Podcast
About the guest speaker
Juliette Drobny is a Senior Clinical Psychologist and lecturer at the University of Sydney, where she obtained her PhD. Formerly the Head of the Anxiety Treatment and Research Unit at Westmead Hospital, she is involved in the development of educational and training materials for doctors and allied health professionals. She also runs her own private practice focussing on anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and depression.
Juliette particularly enjoys working with young people and students, helping them overcome problems with study and procrastination, borrowing from her own experience as a PhD student where she became highly proficient in playing the first movement of Beethoven’s Sonata Pathetique (despite being a very amateur pianist) as a consequence of her own procrastination. She recently adopted an anxious rescue cat believing her skills would make for a good marriage. It was.
Music credits
Opening and closing themes by Lily Chen.
Schizophrenia is a thought disorder characterised by positive symptoms and negative symptoms.
Positive symptoms mean too much abnormal behaviour, like hallucinations and delusions. Psychosis! Disrupted perceptions of reality! That sort of thing.
Negative symptoms mean not enough normal behaviour, like flattened affect and alogia. Things starting with “a”! Amotivation! Avolition! Anhedonia! That sort of thing.
Like a massive tree of mental health, schizophrenia has partially related disorders and terms that branch out from it.
Behold! The many children of schizophrenia!
Here’s a simplified summary of it all.
Brief psychotic disorder is schizophrenia symptoms < 1 month.
Schizophreniform disorder is schizophrenia symptoms < 6 months.
Schizophrenia is schizophrenia symptoms > 6 months.
Schizoaffective disorder is schizophrenia symptoms with mood disorder. The psychosis is present without the mood component for > 2 weeks.
Mood disorder with psychotic features is what it says it is. Surprise!
A schizoid person avoids social interaction. Think limited emotional expression.
A schizotypal person is a weird type of person. Think oddness and magical thinking.
Save your paper bags for your lunches!
Panic attacks can involve people hyperventilating, which means they breathe too much and end up exhaling more carbon dioxide than normal. The low carbon dioxide level results in symptoms like dizziness and lightheadedness.
Breathe into a paper bag, they said. Let the recirculated carbon dioxide increase the carbon dioxide levels in the person’s body, they said.
Is this really effective?
Critics say this is not the case because hyperventilation doesn’t reliably induce panic attacks. They add that high carbon dioxide levels are more associated with impending suffocation, such as from situations of hypoxia or hypoventilation.
In fact, because panic attacks are fleeting by nature, it can be a sort of placebo effect that makes paper bags look like winners. The panic attack was going to pass anyway, so the panic fading just happened to coincide with the use of the paper bag.
How To Win Friends & Influenza 