Croup is formally titled acute laryngotracheobronchitis, but that’s a less catchy name.

It’s a viral upper respiratory tract infection that affects the larynx and trachea. It primarily occurs in children under 5 years old.

Symptoms

Croup attacks kids, so the acronym for symptoms must be in the appropriate theme.

CHILD

• Coryzal prodrome
• Hoarse voice
• Inspiratory stridor
• Like a barking seal cough
• Difficulty breathing

Management

• Single-dose corticosteroids of any of the following:
  • Dexamethasone orally
  • Prednis(ol)one orally
  • Nebulised budesonide

PLUS

• Single-dose nebulised adrenaline if severe
  • Repeat after 30 minutes if no improvement
  • Observe for 4 hours after administration
  • ICU review if ineffective

References

1. Croup. In: eTG complete [Internet]. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited (eTG November 2017 edition); 2017 Nov.